I was talking about this organization the other day: The Institute of Heraldry, which is part of the U.S. Army but also designs insigniae, coats of arms, etc. for other branches of the military, and smillaraaq asked for the link because of some research she wanted to do with it.
I'm a bit of a heraldry geek. The Mr. and I were both heralds in the SCA back in the day - that's how we met, actually. This site is great because it goes into exquisite detail on the significance of every element on the arms and insigniae. If you want to look at that sort of thing, this is probably the place to start.